Description:

Joseph Anderson Signed Comptroller Issued Naval Circular: 1818 Slave Trade Act

A bound naval circular signed by U.S. Comptroller Joseph Anderson. 24pp, measuring 7.75" x 9.75", Washington, D.C., dated May 19, 1818. Signed on page 56, "Jos. Anderson", Anderson transmits six Acts from the Comptroller's Office to all Collectors, Naval Officers, and Surveyors, which had been passed in the last session. All have been enacted by Speaker Henry Clay and President of the Senate John Gaillard, and later approved by President James Monroe on April 20, 1818. The six Acts include information on increased duties on certain goods as well as further legislation to prohibit of importation of slaves into all U.S. ports. The circular appears to have been taken from a larger volume, enumerated 49-72. With edge toning, minor chipping, and wear. Staining to the first page. Light soiling throughout. Some holes at the spine.

Includes:
1. An act, entitled "An act to increase the duties on iron in bars and bolts, iron in pigs, castings, nails and alum;" which is to take effect from the 30th of June next.
2. An act, entitled "An act to increase the duties on certain manufactured articles imported into the United States;" which is also to take effect from the 30th of June next.
3. An act, entitled "An act concerning tonnage and discriminating duties in certain cases." This act has a retrospective operation to a certain period, which will be explained in a subsequent part of this letter.
4. An act, entitled "An act in addition to 'an act to prohibit the introduction of slaves into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the United States, from and after the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eight,' and to repeal certain parts of the same;" which was approved on the 20th ultimo, and according to its provisions took effect from the date of its passage.
5. An act, entitled "An act providing for the deposit of wines and distilled spirits in public warehouses and for other purposes;" which is to go into operation after the 1st of June next.
6. An act, entitled "An act to continue in force, from and after the 30th of June, one thousand eight hundred and nineteen, until the 30th of June, one thousand eight hundred and twenty six, the fourth paragraph of the first section of the act, entitled 'An act to regulate the duties on imports and tonnage."

The Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves of 1807 took effect on January 1, 1808. The law provided that no new slaves were permitted to be imported into the United States and made all importation from abroad, even on foreign ships, a federal crime - although it had no impact on the domestic slave trade. While the initial bill called for the death penalty to be imposed upon those found to own or captain vessels participating in the trade, the enacted law contained minimal punishments, which were rarely enforced. And during the War of 1812, the government continued to turn a blind eye to the ban. With illegal importation still occurring, Congress enacted several additional legislations in 1818, 1819, and 1820 that increased the penalties for slave importation. The Slave Trade Act of 1818 modified the penalties for engaging in the slave trade and switched the burden of proof to the defendant, forcing them to disprove the accusation that they had engaged in the illegal trade.

Joseph Anderson (1757-1837) was an American soldier, judge, and politician. During the American Revolution, he served at the Battle of Monmouth, was present at Valley Forge, and fought at the Battle of Yorktown. After the war, he was admitted to the Delaware bar and practiced law. He would go on to serve as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1797 to 1815, and later as the First Comptroller of the United States Treasury from 1815 to 1836.

This item comes with a Certificate from John Reznikoff, a premier authenticator for both major 3rd party authentication services, PSA and JSA (James Spence Authentications), as well as numerous auction houses.

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