Description:

Victor Emmanuel III of Italy King



Victor Emmanuel III and Benito Mussolini signed citizenship document

 

2pp partly printed and partly handwritten document in Italian signed by King of Italy and Emperor of Ethiopia Victor Emmanuel III (1869-1947) as "Vittorio Emanuele" at top verso, and cosigned by Prime Minister and Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) as "Mussolini" at bottom verso. Both signatures are large, bold, and dark, Victor Emmanuel's measuring 5.75" x 1.5", and Mussolini's measuring 3.25" x 2.5". Stamped, numbered, and docketed on the first page. The watermarked cream paper has a few chipped edges and foxed areas, else near fine. Measures 9.625" x 14.5".

 

Both the symbolic and the real leader of Italy--Victor Emmanuel III and Benito Mussolini respectively--signed this citizenship document while in Rome on November 21, 1938. Italian citizenship was granted to three applicants with central European heritage:

 

1) Massimiliano Jereb, a 32-year-old man born in Firi, a diocese located in Ljubljana in modern day Slovenia, then residing in Gorizia, in northeastern Italy

 

2) Giuseppe Malinar, a 48-year-old man born in Pula, in modern day Croatia, then residing in Trieste, in northeastern Italy

 

3) Emilio Maris Godec, the 21-year-old son of Yugoslavian citizens Giovanni and Antonia Kareta, then residing in Gorizia

 

Victor Emmanuel III officially ruled as King of Italy between 1900-1946, although he essentially served as a puppet king to Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini between 1925-1943. Victor Emmanuel III also claimed sovereignty over Albania and Ethiopia during World War II. Today, Victor Emmanuel is criticized for accommodating Mussolini and the rise of the Fascists in Italy. Yet the king's ability to withstand so many tumultuous political changes during his reign certainly demonstrates his shrewdness and tenacity.

 

Benito Mussolini, a former war veteran and right-wing journalist, had become leader of Italy's National Fascist Party after World War I. He was appointed Prime Minister in 1922, a title that he would hold until his dismissal in 1943, but in reality, he served as a de facto dictator between 1925 and his dismissal in 1943. Under Mussolini, Italy and its one-party political system devoted itself to recapturing the lost glories of the Roman Empire. Secret police, propaganda, and strict state regulation of all aspects of life ensured almost universal compliance.

 

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