Description:

Bolivar Simon



Simon Bolivar Boldly Signed ADS: "El Jefe Supremo"

 

1p ADS in Spanish boldly signed by revolutionary leader Simon Bolivar (1783-1830) as "Bolivar" at center.  Bolivar's dramatic signature, with its underline looping flourish, measures approximately 2.625” x 2.25” alone. Also signed by Ramon Garcia Cadiz, who was not only the subject of this document, but also one of Venezuela's founding fathers, as "Ramon Garcia Cadiz" near bottom.

 

On a double-sided half-sheet of watermarked cream paper measuring 9.5" x 7.125". Minor ink bleed-through from the other side, where five lines have been crossed out. With overall light toning and expected paper folds. The fore-edge is slightly soiled and creased, else near fine.

 

This handwritten document, headlined "El Jefe Supremo," granted Don Ramon Cadiz the free use of 10 mules upon entering the country. Bolivar signed it in Angostura on September 19, 1818, in the eighth year of independence from Spain (7 of 10 of Venezuela's provinces had declared independence on July 5, 1811.) Angostura, also known in the period as St. Thomas de Guyana, is now Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.

 

Bolivar signed this document in the middle of his military conquest of modern day Venezuela. Bolivar had captured Angostura in July 1817, but continued to wage war against Spanish royalists.

 

Simon Bolivar left a stamp on South American geopolitics as indelible as his signature on this document. Born to a Creole family who had lived in Venezuela since the sixteenth century, Bolivar completed his education in Madrid. When the Spanish colonial government was overthrown, Bolivar served as a delegate of the new first Venezuelan Republic to Great Britain. Bolivar soon ascended to power as “el libertador,” and had radicalized by 1813 to such an extent that his “Decree of War to the Death” mandated that any Spanish who did not support Venezuelan independence would be killed.

 

Bolivar used his political and military experiments in Venezuela as a model throughout South America. Eventually, he served as president of an enormous nation known as Gran Columbia, whose territories included modern day Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador, and Columbia, from 1819-1830. Soon after resigning the presidency of Gran Columbia, Bolivar died of tuberculosis at the age of forty-seven.

 

Ramon Garcia Cadiz represented the Province of Barcelona in the Second Congress of Venezuela which convened in 1819. He was also one of 26 deputies who ratified the Fundamental Law of the Republic of Columbia on December 17, 1819, which established the political entity known as Gran Colombia.

 


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