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Lot 164
Description:
Archive comprised of fifteen ALS, fourteen penned by Lieutenant Edward Down of the H.M.S. Blonde to his wife Mary, as well as around ten address leaves. The letters are handwritten in Down's precise and elegant cursive on watermarked cream paper, most sheets measuring around 7.875" x 12.875". The correspondence ranges from May 1775 to February 1779 when Down, an officer of the Royal Navy posted on the H.M.S. Blonde, was stationed in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Each letter is annotated with the date, location, and sometimes an internal numbering system. Archive also includes one letter written by Down's wife, and at least four letters annotated by Mary, where she exhorts God to safeguard her husband.
Letters are in very to extra fine condition, with expected wear including fold marks, and several with evidence of conservation and other professional repairs. At least two letters have blank infilled tops, as do many address leaves. The bulk of the latter is addressed to "Mrs. Down, Ilfracombe near Barnstaple, Devon", and some with partial wax seals, philatelic markings, and London, Bristol, Portsmouth, or Falmouth postmarks, most with weathering.
The overall tone of Down's correspondence to his wife is solicitous and affectionate. Down addresses his letters to "My dear Life", as he called Mary, who lived in southwestern England with at least five children, Will, James, Edward, Sally, and Mary. Down discusses domestic matters like the payment of bills or the dismissal of surly servants in the letters, but also urges his wife to eat enough, not to worry, and to remember to give their oldest son pocket money. Mary's letter and her interspersed comments throughout her husband's letters show that she worshipped her faraway husband.
Even independent of its human interest, Down's letters are also extremely informative. He updates his wife about the H.M.S. Blonde and her activities, giving precise accounts of movements, the capture of enemy vessels, and even the weather. Occasionally, Down will also provide interesting commentary about American customs or practices, the American Revolution, and the French.
Edward Down served as a lieutenant on the H.M.S. Blonde, a ship confiscated from the French in February 1760 during the Battle of Bishop's Court during the Seven Years' War. Following its capture, the Blonde was outfitted as a 32-gun fifth-rate frigate in the British Royal Navy, meaning it was in the next to highest class for a fighting vessel. In records from 1760, the Blonde weighed about 703 tons and could accommodate 220 crew members including marines. Fifth-rate frigates were often fast and well-armed, and were frequently dispatched on special assignments to interrupt enemy shipping. Although there was considerable risk in serving on a fifth-rate frigate like the Blonde, there was also considerable opportunity, as crew members received shares of the profits depending on their rank.
Nova Scotia was the target of American as well as foreign navies during the Revolutionary War. The Royal Navy maintained a presence at Halifax to doubly protect its settlements and harass its harassers. Down mentions prize money frequently throughout his letters. The Blonde intercepted American and French vessels carrying arms, fabric, tea, foodstuffs, and lumber from Europe, the Caribbean, and the colonies. Confiscated goods were sold at Halifax, where Down often complained they were sold at a depressed value. In the last letter of this series dated February 6, 1779, Down's percentage of the profits was recorded as one third of a one eighth share. Lieutenants were second only to the ship captain in how much prize money they collected by size of share. His letters to Mary carefully record his various winnings, as he had a large family to support.
Down's whereabouts are unknown after the winter of 1779. We might assume, however, that this career naval officer was still aboard the Blonde during the rest of the American Revolution. About three years after this last letter was written, the Blonde was shipwrecked off Nova Scotia's southeastern tip at Seal Island (now known as Blonde Island). The Blonde's British crew as well as sixty American prisoners were rescued by Captain Noah Stoddard, an American privateer. The Blonde's crew were allowed to embark the H.M.S. Observer, a vessel that was shortly engaged in the Battle of Halifax while en route to port. If Edward Down was aboard the Observer at this time, the chances that he was wounded or killed were very small; three British were killed and five wounded in the battle with the American privateer Jack. Of the other frigates mentioned in Down's letters -- such as the Mermaid, Greyhound, Orpheus, Scarborough, Thetis, and Iris - the historical records show that most were either wrecked, burnt, or captured between 1778 and 1781.
Please see below for letter excerpts with uncorrected spelling and grammar errors:
Clements Inn, No. 16
May 5 th 1775
"In my letter of Tuesday last, I promisd you a Copy of the Petition ... much to the purpose [for] had it been a lone one, it might have deterred H.M.S. from perusing it". The petition on the back of the letter reads in part: "To the Queens most Excellent Majesty, The humble Petition of Edward Down, a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, Most humbly showeth, That your Petitioner served as a Midshipman, in the yatch [yacht] that conducted your Majesty from Stadt to England, and by the desire of your Majesty had the peculiar Honour of being appointed an Officer on that Occasion. That your Petition being now on half pay, finds great difficulty in supporting himself and a large Family". Down then requests an appointment as commander of a Post Office packet ship.
Blonde
Novr 8 th 1777 (letter with small portion absent)
"In this out of the way place, we hear no news of what is going on in America, I mean the ? part of it, where our Armies are in Action. There is now and then some of their Privateers brought in here, and some retaken Ships, every thing very dear, and but little fresh Provisions to be got except fish which we have in great abundance".
Halifax
Jany 15 th 1778
" ... We fell in with Several of the Enemy's Vessels, but from the shortness of the day, and gales of wind coming on whilst in chace, we only took possession of one which we sent in to this Port, a Brig from Madeira bound to New York calld the Brothers worth £10000 Sterl: but as we are only paid an eight part for Salvage, my share will not amount to more than 50£, she had on board 150 Boxes of preserv'd Citron. I shall endeavor to send one by a Ship bound to Bristol at present we are told no part of her Cargo is to be sold but if it is to be had, I shall be very happy in procuring you one ... I am so sanguine in my expectations that I would not take a Hundred Guineas for my chance of Prize money for the first Cruize, their Privateers are very numerous. We should have stopp'd some of them last cruize had not our Ship been very foul, and the days short. The Prospect of getting something considerable by remaining in America is so great that I have refused a Change, onto one of the Ships now bound home; and might have had a consideration for the exchange pray God direct him for the Best, but I am resolv'd to see the End of this War if please God ... I should have been very uneasy at times had he [Down's son Will] been with me, the Ship till lately having been very sickly and buried 30 Men since we left England. In August last we were sent up a narrow, intricate River to destroy some saw mills, but the rebels and Indians were better prepar'd for us than we expected, so that after burning some of their houses & Stores, and losing a few of our men, we were oblig'd to embark again, and was near losing the Ship, in getting down the River".
Blonde
Jany 24 th 1778
"This you will receive by the Nancy Cap Brown bound for Bristol who has on board directed to you a Box of Citron, and in the Box, a new Dollar for each of the Children, likewise some dried salt fish is a present to your father ... "
Blonde
May 17 th 1778
" ... it is the general Complaint in America of the Miscarriage of Letters ... on the 5 th April retook a Brig from Cork with Provisions, on the 8 th took a Brig from Salem in Ballast, on the 21 st a Brig from Bilboa for Boston, on the 23d a Sloop Privateer 6 Guns and 30 Men, the same night a brig Privateer of 10 Guns surrenderd to us but a thick fog and blowing weather coming on, she got away, the next day, we drove on Shore in Liverpoole Bay a French frigate call'd Le Duc de Choseil of 24 Guns and 120 Men, loaded with Arms, Cloathing &c for Boston, we were very unfortunate in not being able to get her off, had we carried her into Halifax, my Share would have been full fifteen Hundred Pounds, we got out of her five thousand stand of Arms, as many suits of Cloathing, Twelve Brass, and thirty two Iron Cannon, and many other Articles, she had on board a great quantity of Tea, Silks, Cambricks, &c which the Saltwater damaged so much as to be of no Service to us. They had the presumption to engage us for a short time, but after having eight of their Men Kill'd, and as many wounded, they submitted, thus ends our Cruize, now for all these Prizes, I don't expect to get more than 250£, had they been carried to any other port suppose it would have been double that Sum".
"I hope your Sweetmeats are preserv'd. I got out of the french Ship a few Jars, very excellent, and a great Variety which shall send by the first conveyance to Bristol, likewise two pieces of Chintz for Gowns. They were design'd for some American fair one, poor Lady, it will be no small Disappointment".
"I am much indebted to Governor Arbuthnot for his great Civilities, frequently dine with him, he is soon to be recall'd being appointed an Admiral and I think it not all unlikely that I shall return to England with him, and be again under his command".
"The Blonde, now Clean, is the first sailing Frigate in America".
Blonde
July 2d 78
"I send this by a Snow bound to London but as she sails without Convoy, or Guns, you will be fortunate if it comes to hand ... we took the Washington Privateer of 12 Guns & 65 Men a French Brig from the West Indies, a Brig loaded with Lumber, two Sloops & a Schooner, but as we have no other port for the sale of them, don't expect to get more than 100£ as I am convinc'd that they will not sell for a third of their Value ... The new Governor is expected out very soon, perhaps, the present one may return to England in the Blonde. I wish it much, however it is pretty certain the Blonde will not remain another winter in America, we sail in a few days for Annapolis with a Supply of Provisions for some Ships station'd there and shall return to this place in the course of a fortnight or three weeks ... "
Blonde
August 13 th 1778
" ... as the Marines are to embark in a few days for England, you will by that conveyance receive it ... I have no happiness when absent from you. Twenty frigates are to be sent home from America, so that it is very unlikely the Blonde will winter in America. I cou'd wish my dear Lide, you would consult your Father about building a Skift and if possible to get a Commission for her, as we are now on the Eve of a French war ... "
Blonde
Oct 2d 78
"I had great hopes that the Blonde wou'd have convoy'd home the Battalion of Marines, but now the Greyhound is order'd for that Service ... for these three months past the attention of this Squadron has been taken up in watching the french fleet, which has prevented the Blonde from meeting with that success she would have had. They are now at Boston, three of their largest Ships, dismasted and much shatter'd by three of our fifty Guns ships and by late accounts from thence it appears there is no great Harmony between the Americans & French. They are cutting one another's throats very fast, are very much distraught for Provisions (Bread in particular) I hope there is not a rascal of them will get back to france. Had they not interfer'd in this dispute matters wou'd have been settled long ago, and the Blonde in England by this time, however I am not without hopes of seeing you this Year, but I believe it depends on the French fleet leaving the Coast of America".
Blonde
October 12 th 1778
"In my last I mention'd there was about 100£ more to receive when the whole of our prize goods are sold, and how'd we be allow'd head money for the crew of the French Ship it will be forty more ... "
Blonde
Novr 24 th 78
"My last was by the Pacific dated Octr 12 th soon after we sail'd for Boston Bay on a Cruize from which I had great expectations but we had scarcely arrived on our Station when we met with a Violent Gale of Wind, obliged to heave our Guns overboard which put an End to our Cruize of Course, and we made the best of our way to this Port; where we arriv'd about ten days since and on examining our Masts find both Fore & Mainmasts much sprung ... the Iris and Scarboro Men of War sail for England in three Weeks or a Month"
Blonde
Feby 6 th 79
"My last letter dated Novr. 20 th was sent by a Brig bound to Falmouth she saild without Convoy, or Guns to protect her from the Enemy ... We have the greatest Reason to expect happiness with our new Captain, he has great interest with the Commander in Chief Admiral Gambier, having formerly been his Captain, that we may expect the best of Cruizes ... I have been sent to twice by ? George Collier who commd at Halifax to be her first Lieut in the Rainbow, but as the Ship is directly in Harbor, I thought it against my Interest to accept of it. As the Blonde will go to the Leward, and likely will be Frequently at New York, therefore beg you will write me by the Packett to be left at the Post office there ... We have only receiv'd the first dividend for the french Ship, and no part of the french brig Catherine taken in June last ... It is a great mortification to us to be laying here froze up and doing nothing in the beginning of the French War.
A truly remarkable collection of Revolutionary war letters describing American and French movements as seen from the other side.
Ex William J. Burger Collection
Revolutionary War -
Revolutionary War 14 letters from an active, articulate British Naval Officer, 1775-1779, with great content
Archive comprised of fifteen ALS, fourteen penned by Lieutenant Edward Down of the H.M.S. Blonde to his wife Mary, as well as around ten address leaves. The letters are handwritten in Down's precise and elegant cursive on watermarked cream paper, most sheets measuring around 7.875" x 12.875". The correspondence ranges from May 1775 to February 1779 when Down, an officer of the Royal Navy posted on the H.M.S. Blonde, was stationed in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Each letter is annotated with the date, location, and sometimes an internal numbering system. Archive also includes one letter written by Down's wife, and at least four letters annotated by Mary, where she exhorts God to safeguard her husband.
Letters are in very to extra fine condition, with expected wear including fold marks, and several with evidence of conservation and other professional repairs. At least two letters have blank infilled tops, as do many address leaves. The bulk of the latter is addressed to "Mrs. Down, Ilfracombe near Barnstaple, Devon", and some with partial wax seals, philatelic markings, and London, Bristol, Portsmouth, or Falmouth postmarks, most with weathering.
The overall tone of Down's correspondence to his wife is solicitous and affectionate. Down addresses his letters to "My dear Life", as he called Mary, who lived in southwestern England with at least five children, Will, James, Edward, Sally, and Mary. Down discusses domestic matters like the payment of bills or the dismissal of surly servants in the letters, but also urges his wife to eat enough, not to worry, and to remember to give their oldest son pocket money. Mary's letter and her interspersed comments throughout her husband's letters show that she worshipped her faraway husband.
Even independent of its human interest, Down's letters are also extremely informative. He updates his wife about the H.M.S. Blonde and her activities, giving precise accounts of movements, the capture of enemy vessels, and even the weather. Occasionally, Down will also provide interesting commentary about American customs or practices, the American Revolution, and the French.
Edward Down served as a lieutenant on the H.M.S. Blonde, a ship confiscated from the French in February 1760 during the Battle of Bishop's Court during the Seven Years' War. Following its capture, the Blonde was outfitted as a 32-gun fifth-rate frigate in the British Royal Navy, meaning it was in the next to highest class for a fighting vessel. In records from 1760, the Blonde weighed about 703 tons and could accommodate 220 crew members including marines. Fifth-rate frigates were often fast and well-armed, and were frequently dispatched on special assignments to interrupt enemy shipping. Although there was considerable risk in serving on a fifth-rate frigate like the Blonde, there was also considerable opportunity, as crew members received shares of the profits depending on their rank.
Nova Scotia was the target of American as well as foreign navies during the Revolutionary War. The Royal Navy maintained a presence at Halifax to doubly protect its settlements and harass its harassers. Down mentions prize money frequently throughout his letters. The Blonde intercepted American and French vessels carrying arms, fabric, tea, foodstuffs, and lumber from Europe, the Caribbean, and the colonies. Confiscated goods were sold at Halifax, where Down often complained they were sold at a depressed value. In the last letter of this series dated February 6, 1779, Down's percentage of the profits was recorded as one third of a one eighth share. Lieutenants were second only to the ship captain in how much prize money they collected by size of share. His letters to Mary carefully record his various winnings, as he had a large family to support.
Down's whereabouts are unknown after the winter of 1779. We might assume, however, that this career naval officer was still aboard the Blonde during the rest of the American Revolution. About three years after this last letter was written, the Blonde was shipwrecked off Nova Scotia's southeastern tip at Seal Island (now known as Blonde Island). The Blonde's British crew as well as sixty American prisoners were rescued by Captain Noah Stoddard, an American privateer. The Blonde's crew were allowed to embark the H.M.S. Observer, a vessel that was shortly engaged in the Battle of Halifax while en route to port. If Edward Down was aboard the Observer at this time, the chances that he was wounded or killed were very small; three British were killed and five wounded in the battle with the American privateer Jack. Of the other frigates mentioned in Down's letters -- such as the Mermaid, Greyhound, Orpheus, Scarborough, Thetis, and Iris - the historical records show that most were either wrecked, burnt, or captured between 1778 and 1781.
Please see below for letter excerpts with uncorrected spelling and grammar errors:
Clements Inn, No. 16
May 5 th 1775
"In my letter of Tuesday last, I promisd you a Copy of the Petition ... much to the purpose [for] had it been a lone one, it might have deterred H.M.S. from perusing it". The petition on the back of the letter reads in part: "To the Queens most Excellent Majesty, The humble Petition of Edward Down, a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, Most humbly showeth, That your Petitioner served as a Midshipman, in the yatch [yacht] that conducted your Majesty from Stadt to England, and by the desire of your Majesty had the peculiar Honour of being appointed an Officer on that Occasion. That your Petition being now on half pay, finds great difficulty in supporting himself and a large Family". Down then requests an appointment as commander of a Post Office packet ship.
Blonde
Novr 8 th 1777 (letter with small portion absent)
"In this out of the way place, we hear no news of what is going on in America, I mean the ? part of it, where our Armies are in Action. There is now and then some of their Privateers brought in here, and some retaken Ships, every thing very dear, and but little fresh Provisions to be got except fish which we have in great abundance".
Halifax
Jany 15 th 1778
" ... We fell in with Several of the Enemy's Vessels, but from the shortness of the day, and gales of wind coming on whilst in chace, we only took possession of one which we sent in to this Port, a Brig from Madeira bound to New York calld the Brothers worth £10000 Sterl: but as we are only paid an eight part for Salvage, my share will not amount to more than 50£, she had on board 150 Boxes of preserv'd Citron. I shall endeavor to send one by a Ship bound to Bristol at present we are told no part of her Cargo is to be sold but if it is to be had, I shall be very happy in procuring you one ... I am so sanguine in my expectations that I would not take a Hundred Guineas for my chance of Prize money for the first Cruize, their Privateers are very numerous. We should have stopp'd some of them last cruize had not our Ship been very foul, and the days short. The Prospect of getting something considerable by remaining in America is so great that I have refused a Change, onto one of the Ships now bound home; and might have had a consideration for the exchange pray God direct him for the Best, but I am resolv'd to see the End of this War if please God ... I should have been very uneasy at times had he [Down's son Will] been with me, the Ship till lately having been very sickly and buried 30 Men since we left England. In August last we were sent up a narrow, intricate River to destroy some saw mills, but the rebels and Indians were better prepar'd for us than we expected, so that after burning some of their houses & Stores, and losing a few of our men, we were oblig'd to embark again, and was near losing the Ship, in getting down the River".
Blonde
Jany 24 th 1778
"This you will receive by the Nancy Cap Brown bound for Bristol who has on board directed to you a Box of Citron, and in the Box, a new Dollar for each of the Children, likewise some dried salt fish is a present to your father ... "
Blonde
May 17 th 1778
" ... it is the general Complaint in America of the Miscarriage of Letters ... on the 5 th April retook a Brig from Cork with Provisions, on the 8 th took a Brig from Salem in Ballast, on the 21 st a Brig from Bilboa for Boston, on the 23d a Sloop Privateer 6 Guns and 30 Men, the same night a brig Privateer of 10 Guns surrenderd to us but a thick fog and blowing weather coming on, she got away, the next day, we drove on Shore in Liverpoole Bay a French frigate call'd Le Duc de Choseil of 24 Guns and 120 Men, loaded with Arms, Cloathing &c for Boston, we were very unfortunate in not being able to get her off, had we carried her into Halifax, my Share would have been full fifteen Hundred Pounds, we got out of her five thousand stand of Arms, as many suits of Cloathing, Twelve Brass, and thirty two Iron Cannon, and many other Articles, she had on board a great quantity of Tea, Silks, Cambricks, &c which the Saltwater damaged so much as to be of no Service to us. They had the presumption to engage us for a short time, but after having eight of their Men Kill'd, and as many wounded, they submitted, thus ends our Cruize, now for all these Prizes, I don't expect to get more than 250£, had they been carried to any other port suppose it would have been double that Sum".
"I hope your Sweetmeats are preserv'd. I got out of the french Ship a few Jars, very excellent, and a great Variety which shall send by the first conveyance to Bristol, likewise two pieces of Chintz for Gowns. They were design'd for some American fair one, poor Lady, it will be no small Disappointment".
"I am much indebted to Governor Arbuthnot for his great Civilities, frequently dine with him, he is soon to be recall'd being appointed an Admiral and I think it not all unlikely that I shall return to England with him, and be again under his command".
"The Blonde, now Clean, is the first sailing Frigate in America".
Blonde
July 2d 78
"I send this by a Snow bound to London but as she sails without Convoy, or Guns, you will be fortunate if it comes to hand ... we took the Washington Privateer of 12 Guns & 65 Men a French Brig from the West Indies, a Brig loaded with Lumber, two Sloops & a Schooner, but as we have no other port for the sale of them, don't expect to get more than 100£ as I am convinc'd that they will not sell for a third of their Value ... The new Governor is expected out very soon, perhaps, the present one may return to England in the Blonde. I wish it much, however it is pretty certain the Blonde will not remain another winter in America, we sail in a few days for Annapolis with a Supply of Provisions for some Ships station'd there and shall return to this place in the course of a fortnight or three weeks ... "
Blonde
August 13 th 1778
" ... as the Marines are to embark in a few days for England, you will by that conveyance receive it ... I have no happiness when absent from you. Twenty frigates are to be sent home from America, so that it is very unlikely the Blonde will winter in America. I cou'd wish my dear Lide, you would consult your Father about building a Skift and if possible to get a Commission for her, as we are now on the Eve of a French war ... "
Blonde
Oct 2d 78
"I had great hopes that the Blonde wou'd have convoy'd home the Battalion of Marines, but now the Greyhound is order'd for that Service ... for these three months past the attention of this Squadron has been taken up in watching the french fleet, which has prevented the Blonde from meeting with that success she would have had. They are now at Boston, three of their largest Ships, dismasted and much shatter'd by three of our fifty Guns ships and by late accounts from thence it appears there is no great Harmony between the Americans & French. They are cutting one another's throats very fast, are very much distraught for Provisions (Bread in particular) I hope there is not a rascal of them will get back to france. Had they not interfer'd in this dispute matters wou'd have been settled long ago, and the Blonde in England by this time, however I am not without hopes of seeing you this Year, but I believe it depends on the French fleet leaving the Coast of America".
Blonde
October 12 th 1778
"In my last I mention'd there was about 100£ more to receive when the whole of our prize goods are sold, and how'd we be allow'd head money for the crew of the French Ship it will be forty more ... "
Blonde
Novr 24 th 78
"My last was by the Pacific dated Octr 12 th soon after we sail'd for Boston Bay on a Cruize from which I had great expectations but we had scarcely arrived on our Station when we met with a Violent Gale of Wind, obliged to heave our Guns overboard which put an End to our Cruize of Course, and we made the best of our way to this Port; where we arriv'd about ten days since and on examining our Masts find both Fore & Mainmasts much sprung ... the Iris and Scarboro Men of War sail for England in three Weeks or a Month"
Blonde
Feby 6 th 79
"My last letter dated Novr. 20 th was sent by a Brig bound to Falmouth she saild without Convoy, or Guns to protect her from the Enemy ... We have the greatest Reason to expect happiness with our new Captain, he has great interest with the Commander in Chief Admiral Gambier, having formerly been his Captain, that we may expect the best of Cruizes ... I have been sent to twice by ? George Collier who commd at Halifax to be her first Lieut in the Rainbow, but as the Ship is directly in Harbor, I thought it against my Interest to accept of it. As the Blonde will go to the Leward, and likely will be Frequently at New York, therefore beg you will write me by the Packett to be left at the Post office there ... We have only receiv'd the first dividend for the french Ship, and no part of the french brig Catherine taken in June last ... It is a great mortification to us to be laying here froze up and doing nothing in the beginning of the French War.
A truly remarkable collection of Revolutionary war letters describing American and French movements as seen from the other side.
Ex William J. Burger Collection
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