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Lot 163
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Philippine-American War Hassan Uprising contemporary hand-drawn map
Philippine-American War Hassan Uprising contemporary hand-drawn map
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Description:

Philippine-American War

1pp large manila paper sheet measuring 43.25” w. x 24.25” hand-drawn and inscribed overall in black and red ink under the direction of Captain Thomas A. Pearce of the 28th Infantry, United States Army. The partly typographical map depicts the “Route of March and Engagements of Sulu Expedition by 28th and 23rd U.S. Infantry on the Island of Jolo, Nov. 12th to 23rd 1903”. Jolo Island is in the Sulu Archipelago of the southwestern Philippines. Map in very good to near fine condition, with overall toning and paper folds. Isolated wear to edges and corners; a few small tears along paper folds; and an isolated water stain outside the city of Jolo.

The Spanish-American War concluded with the 1898 Treaty of Paris, which granted the United States Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The ethnic Muslims of the Philippines, or Moros, had successfully resisted Spanish rule. Thus, when the Americans took over, the Moros rejected the Americans’ imperial claims. The Americans fought the Moros throughout the Philippine-American War (1899-1902) and later during the Moro Rebellion, which ended in 1913.

The Moros practiced both polygamy and slavery, which alienated and morally offended their would-be American civilizers. One of these cultural differences, human trafficking, later precipitated the so-called Hassan Uprising a few years into the Philippine-American War. Panglima Hassan (died 1904), was chief or datu of Luuk province in the eastern half of Jolo Island. In June 1903, some of Hassan’s slaves escaped and were protected by U.S. forces on the island. Hassan requested the return of his slaves, which the Americans refused. By November 1903, Hassan and approximately 2,000-4,000 Moro fighters besieged the American-occupied capital at Jolo for a week. Hassan and his troops later retreated to the east, where he was captured at Lake Seit. Hassan escaped, only to be slain four months later at Bud Bagsuk in March 1904.

Numerous historically significant geographical features are depicted on the map: the capital at Jolo where Hassan besieged the city; Luuk province, or Hassan’s chiefdom, here spelled “Look”; Crater Lake, where Hassan assembled his Moro forces; Lake Seit, where Hassan was captured in November 1903; and a mountain called “Baksak”, which is probably an alternate spelling for Bud Bagsuk, where Hassan was killed in battle in March 1904. The map shows how the U.S. Army pursued Hassan throughout the Luuk countryside. The 28th and 23rd U.S. Infantry landed by ship on the northern coast of Jolo on November 12th, traveled south to a village labeled “Paglima Hassan” on November 13th, and waged battle near the fortress of Tumboc Cotta, labeled “P. Hassan”, on the western shore of the Badjang River on November 15, 16, and 17th. U.S. forces then returned to Jolo through the “Gitung and Talipao” provinces, meeting Hassan’s forces once more near Mt. Silumaan around November 19th.

The Sulu Expedition against Hassan was commanded by Colonel Owen Jay Sweet (1845-1928), who had been promoted to Colonel early that year in February 1903. The Civil War veteran had seen action at Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg. The Commander of the Philippines Division Leonard Wood (1860-1927) zealously pursued the Moro resistance fighters, resorting even to total war.

An exceptional period hand-drawn map documenting the Hassan Uprising during the Philippine-American War!

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