Description:

Original 1809 Treaty Between the United Kingdom and Spain against France

In the wake of the May 1808 Spanish uprising in Madrid against the French occupation, later immortalized in two paintings by Spanish artist Francisco Goya (1746-1828), many Spaniards rebelled against French rule and the imposition of Joseph Bonaparte (1768-1844) as King of Spain. The Junta of Seville organized the rebellion.

This treaty, known as the Apodaca-Canning Treaty, signed on January 14, 1809, in London, recognized the Central Junta of Seville as the legitimate government of Spain and Ferdinand VII as its monarch, rather than Joseph Bonaparte, whom his brother Napoleon Bonaparte had installed as king. It established an alliance between Great Britain and the Spanish rebels against French rule and gave Britain trade facilitation in Spanish domains in exchange for military supplies. The Peninsular War of 1807 to 1814 eventually succeeded in driving the French from Spain and restoring Spanish King Ferdinand VII to the monarchy.

[NAPOLEONIC WARS.] Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Alliance between His Britannic Majesty and His Catholic Majesty, Ferdinand the VIIth, January 14, 1809. Printed Document in parallel English and Spanish columns. Signed in type by British Foreign Secretary George Canning and Spanish ambassador to Great Britain Juan Ruiz de Apodaca. 8 pp., 8" x 10.25". Expected folds; very good. Ex-Malcolm Forbes and Sotheby's July 15, 1993.

Excerpts
"Article I. There shall be between His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII, King of Spain and of the Indies thereunto appertaining...a Christian, stable and inviolable Peace; and a perpetual and sincere Amity, and a strict Alliance during the War against France; together with an entire and lasting Oblivion of all Acts of Hostility done on either Side, in the Course of the late Wars, in which they have been engaged against each other."

"Article III. His Britannic Majesty engages to continue to assist, to the utmost of His Power, the Spanish Nation in their Struggle against the Tyranny and Usurpation of France, and promises not to acknowledge any other King of Spain and of the Indies thereunto appertaining, than His Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII, His Heirs, or such lawful Successor as the Spanish Nation shall acknowledge; and the Spanish Government, in the Name and on the Behalf of His Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII, engages never, in any Case, to cede to France, any Part of the Territories or Possessions of the Spanish Monarchy, in any Part of the World."

"Article IV. The High Contracting Parties agree to make Common Cause against France; and not to make Peace with that Power except by Common Consent."

George Canning (1770-1827) was a British Tory statesman. Educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford, Canning entered politics in 1793. He rose rapidly and served as Foreign Secretary (1807-1809) under the Duke of Portland. He later served under the Earl of Liverpool as Ambassador to Portugal (1814-1816), President of the Board of Control (1861-1821), and Foreign Secretary (1822-1827). Canning succeeded the Earl of Liverpool as Prime Minister for the last four months of his life, from April to August 1827.

Juan Ruiz de Apodaca (1754-1835) was a Spanish naval officer. After the Battle of Trafalgar, he took command of the remnants of the Spanish fleet and captured the French squadron opposite his own. He then served as ambassador in Great Britain and Captain-General of Florida and Cuba (1812-1815). From 1816 to 1821, he was viceroy of New Spain during the latter part of the Mexican War of Independence. He was deposed in July 1821 and sent to Spain to face charges. There, he was absolved and returned to duty. He was captain-general of the Spanish navy at the time of his death.

This item comes with a Certificate from John Reznikoff, a premier authenticator for both major 3rd party authentication services, PSA and JSA (James Spence Authentications), as well as numerous auction houses.

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