Description:

World War I

Map Documenting the American Advance on the German Lines During the Second Battle of the Marne, Used by a Member of Pershing's Staff



Printed map, with ink and watercolor annotations "Map No. 1. Map showing relation of operation of the 1st, 2nd, 34d, 4th, 26th, 32nd and 42nd U.S. Divisions, to the general advance in the 'Second Battle of the Marne." c. 1918, 16.25" x 10.5. Stamped in purple ink at top right "MAP ROOM G-3 G.H.Q. SCALE 1/200,000" Additionally docketed on verso: "MAP No 3 To accompany Operations of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 26th, 28, 3nd, and 42nd U.S. Divisions." and "Colonel Richardson 2-3" in pencil. Folds, margins reinforced with paper, else very good.

The Second Battle of the Marne was the final German offensive of the First World War and involved 23 German divisions beginning on July 15 in a lightening offensive over the Marne river. Although the German advance was impressive, they failed to destroy the Allied armies in their path, and the Americans and French were able to mount a counterattack on July 17 that drove the Germans back to their original lines by August 4. The presence of fresh American troops, who unlike their British and French counterparts, were not exhausted by years in the trenches and proved critical to the counterattack's success.



The present map was part of a collection kept by General Robert C. Richardson (1882-1954). By the time the United States entered the First World War, Richardson, a captain, assisted in the rapid buildup of training of the American Expeditionary Force (A.E.F.) bound for France. Fluent in French, Richardson served as an aide and observer with foreign armies before being assigned to the Operations Division, General Staff, A.E.F. as a liaison officer in June 1918. In that capacity he was involved in the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Following the Armistice of November 11, 1918, Richardson served on the Reparations Board of the Peace Commission in Paris and then as part of U.S. Army occupation forces in Germany stationed at Coblenz and later at Mainz. Richardson, a career Army officer was a member of the West Point Class of 1904, serving in the Philippines and as an instructor of modern languages at the United States Military Academy. During the Second World War, Richardson served as Commanding General of the Hawaiian Department, and was instrumental in training American troops in the fundamentals of jungle warfare and amphibious assaults.



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