Description:

Rockefeller John


John D. Rockefeller & H. M. Flagler: Signed Standard Oil Stock Certificate

 

Certificate for 25 shares in the Standard Oil Trust, 16" x 7.5" [coupon included]. Dated February 28, 1883. Signed by "J. D. Rockefeller" as President, "H. M. Flagler" as Secretary and "J. A. Bostwick" as Treasurer. Embossed-dot cancellation through signatures which remain perfectly clear. A document attached on the verso, dated August 7, 1899, sells the shares to J. D. Rockefeller.

 

In the late 19th century the oil industry was a free-for-all, the law of the jungle ruled. John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937), began as a humble oil business bookkeeper in Cleveland, Ohio and in just seven years rose to control a tenth of the entire US oil business. Born into modest circumstances in upstate New York, he entered the then-fledgling oil business in 1863 by investing in a Cleveland, Ohio, refinery. In 1870, he established Standard Oil, which by the early 1880s controlled some 90 percent of U.S. refineries and pipelines. Critics accused Rockefeller of engaging in unethical practices, such as predatory pricing and colluding with railroads to eliminate his competitors, in order to gain a monopoly in the industry. In 1911, the U.S. Supreme Court found Standard Oil in violation of anti-trust laws and ordered it to dissolve.

 

Although his business practices were considered questionable and unethical, one also needs to take note that during his life Rockefeller donated more than $500 million to various philanthropic causes.



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