Description:

Johnson Andrew



Andrew Johnson Warns Ex-Confederates To Desist from Fomenting Discontent in Reconstruction South

 

1p printed transmittal sheet originally accompanying a copy of President Andrew Johnson's September 3, 1867 Supremacy of Civil Law Proclamation. The document dated September 9, 1867 was sent to Charles H. Morse by Department of Interior Secretary Orville Hickman Browning (1806-1881), whose printed signature appears as "O.H. Browning" at center. On cream bifold paper with "Department of the Interior" letterhead. Expected wear including paper folds. Isolated stains and a repaired gutter, else near fine. 8" x 10".

 

In part:

 

"Sir:

 

Pursuant to the order of the President of the United States, I transmit, herewith, an official copy of his proclamation bearing date the 3d instant.

 

You are directed to strictly observe its requirements for an earnest support of the Constitution of the United Sates, and a faithful execution of the laws which have been made in pursuance thereof…"

 

On September 3, 1867, 17th U.S. President Johnson had issued his Supremacy of Civil Law decree, prompted by reports of lingering Confederate sympathies in North and South Carolina. The proclamation warned agitators against continuing to resist federal oversight, and urged government officials and average American citizens alike to enforce the laws and principles of the U.S. Constitution. Johnson continued: "And I exhort them everywhere to testify their devotion to their country, their pride in its prosperity and greatness, and their determination to uphold its free institutions by a hearty co-operation in the efforts of the Government to sustain the authority of the law, to maintain the supremacy of the Federal Constitution, and to preserve unimpaired the integrity of the national Union."

 

Four days later, on September 7, 1867, President Johnson issued the Second Amnesty Proclamation. This was just the latest iteration of a succession of presidential pardons extended to wayward Confederates; Lincoln had issued two, on December 8, 1863 and March 26, 1864, and Johnson had issued his first on May 29, 1865. Whereas Johnson's First Amnesty Proclamation excepted fourteen categories of individuals from blanket clemency, the September 7, 1867 proclamation restricted it to only three; those who had served in high Confederate government or military office, abused prisoners of war, or been involved in Lincoln's assassination could not partake. Johnson hoped that expanding the scope of eligibility for amnesty would further reconcile the nation.

 

President Johnson's September 1867 proclamations underscore the complicated nature of Reconstruction. Reuniting the nation proved a slow and agonizing process.

 


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