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Andrew Johnson Retains Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, Restarts Commerce in South, and Declares Rebellion over in Tennessee
Andrew Johnson Retains Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, Restarts Commerce in South, and Declares Rebellion over in Tennessee
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President Andrew Johnson Retains Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, Restarts Commerce in South, and Declares Rebellion over in Tennessee

This Executive Order from June 13, 1865, signed in type by Andrew Johnson, removes all restrictions on most commerce within and between the former rebellious states, the rest of the United States, and foreign countries, subject to supervision by customs officials. It also declares the insurrection "suppressed" in Tennessee, and notes that none of these orders affect any proclamations abolishing slavery, including Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, or affecting slavery in other ways.

Just weeks after the end of the Civil War and Lincoln's assassination, President Andrew Johnson begins the process of restoring the southern states to the Union. Despite his racist attitudes toward African Americans, Johnson did not interfere with Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, in part believing it helped reduce the power of slaveholding elites in the South. He freed his own five slaves in 1863 and declared freedom to all slaves in Tennessee as military governor in 1864, but he had little concern for the lives of the freedpeople after the Civil War, preferring to leave their fate to their former masters and other white southerners.

[SLAVERY.] ANDREW JOHNSON, Printed Document Signed in Type, June 13, 1865, with Hugh M. McCulloch, Printed Letter with Printed Signature, June 14, 1865. 3 pp., 8" x 10". Expected folds; pinholes on left margin from binding.

Excerpts
Letter, June 14, 1865
"The following Proclamation of the President of the United States, dated the 13th day of June, 1865, removing the restrictions upon internal, domestic, and coastwise intercourse and trade, and upon the removal of products of States heretofore declared in insurrection, except as to articles contraband of war...is published for the information and guidance of Collectors and other officers of the Customs."

Executive Order, June 13, 1865
"I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby declare that all restrictions upon internal, domestic, and coastwise intercourse and trade and upon the removal of products of States heretofore declared in insurrection, reserving and excepting only those relating to contraband of war...are annulled, and I do hereby direct that they be forthwith removed; and that on and after the 1st day of July next all restrictions upon foreign commerce with said ports, with the exception and reservation aforesaid, be likewise removed; and that the commerce of said States shall be conducted under the supervision of the regularly appointed officers of the customs provided by law...."

"And I hereby also proclaim and declare that the insurrection, so far as it relates to and within the State of Tennessee and the inhabitants of the said State of Tennessee as reorganized and constituted under their recently adopted constitution and reorganization and accepted by them, is suppressed...."

"But nothing herein contained shall be considered or construed as in any wise changing or impairing any of the penalties and forfeitures for treason heretofore incurred under the laws of the United States...nor shall this proclamation affect or in any way impair any laws heretofore passed by Congress and duly approved by the President or any proclamations or orders issued by him during the aforesaid insurrection abolishing slavery or in any way affecting the relations of slavery, whether of persons or property; but, on the contrary, all such laws and proclamations heretofore made or issued are expressly saved and declared to be in full force and virtue."

Andrew Johnson (1808-1875) was born in North Carolina and was apprenticed to a tailor at age ten. Five years later, he ran away and eventually moved west to Tennessee, settling in Greenville, in the northeastern part of the state. In 1827, he married Eliza McCardle, and they had five children. He represented Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives as a Democrat from 1843 to 1853, when he was elected governor of Tennessee. He served as governor until 1857, and the legislature elected him to the U.S. Senate. When the southern states seceded, he was the only Senator from a seceded state to remain in the Senate. In March 1862, President Abraham Lincoln appointed Johnson as military governor of Tennessee. Republicans selected Johnson as Lincoln's running mate in 1864, and he was elected Vice President. After serving as vice president for six weeks, Johnson became President upon Lincoln's assassination in mid-April 1865. Seeking a rapid restoration of southern states, Johnson pardoned all Confederates, except leading civil and military leaders. However, the Republican-controlled Congress wanted a more rigorous plan that included civil liberties for newly emancipated African Americans. Johnson frequently vetoed acts of Congress, and his violation of the Tenure of Office Act in firing Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton led the House to bring articles of impeachment against him in February 1868. In the subsequent trial, the Senate acquitted him by just one vote in May, and he returned to Tennessee when his term ended in March 1869. He died in 1875, just a few months after having been elected to the U.S. Senate.

Hugh McCulloch (1808-1895) was born in Maine and attended Bowdoin College. After studying law in Boston, he began a practice in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1833. He worked as a cashier and manager in the Bank of Indiana and eventually served as president of it and its successor from 1835 to 1863. McCulloch served as the first Comptroller of the Currency from 1863 to 1865. President Lincoln appointed him as Secretary of the Treasury in March 1865, and he held that position until the end of President Johnson's administration in March 1869. After he left office, he spent six years in England as a member of a banking firm. McCulloch again served as Secretary of the Treasury at the end of President Chester A. Arthur's term from October 1884 to March 1885.

This item comes with a Certificate from John Reznikoff, a premier authenticator for both major 3rd party authentication services, PSA and JSA (James Spence Authentications), as well as numerous auction houses.

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