Description:

Albert Einstein
n.p., March 18, 1847
Albert Einstein 3pp ALS: Unified Field Theory, Gravitational Equations & Freud!
ALS
A 3pp autograph letter in German signed by celebrated physicist Albert Einstein (1879-1955) as "A. Einstein" on the third page. March 18, 1947. N.p. On two sheets of watermarked paper, the second and third pages double-sided. With scattered contemporaneous cross-outs and rewrites. Minor wear consistent with age including flattened transmittal folds and a few minor scuffs and stains. Else near fine. 8.5." x 11." A full German transcription and English translation are included for reference.

This exceptionally long scientific letter on gravitational field equations includes a total of twelve equations in Einstein's hand. The letter was addressed to Cornelius (sometimes Cornel) Lanczos (1893-1974), a prominent Hungarian mathematician and physicist. Lanczos was best known for his work in theoretical physics and numerical analysis. He collaborated with Einstein and was deeply involved in the study of general relativity and quantum mechanics.

In this letter, Einstein provides a rare and candid look into his thoughts on Unified Field Theory and General Relativity, discussing some of the most significant challenges he faced in his later work. Einstein begins with an important reference to psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) in the very first paragraph: "As an old reader of Freud, I am afraid of the ‘father complex' that can so easily take hold with such an attitude; it is an alarmingly unstable situation - the old man is right about that…"

Later on in the letter, Einstein critiques the Gamma-geometry, a mathematical framework he had struggled with 25 years earlier, which ties into his efforts to develop a Unified Field Theory. This ambitious theory sought to combine General Relativity with Electromagnetism under a single theoretical framework. Einstein expresses his dissatisfaction with how this geometric approach forced the introduction of a cosmological constant, excluding the possibility of a flat space solution, which he found unnatural.

The discussion reflects Einstein's deep concerns about finding a logical, simple principle to guide the formulation of field equations, which could serve as a foundation for a unified theory. He contrasts two possible approaches: one using Hermitian conjugates, which he still considers promising, and another involving the mechanical variables (coordinate and momentum analogs). "These equations are then the simplest corresponding to their hermitian conjugates." He then restates the equations in accordance with the "Hamilton principle (with real Hamilton function)…"

Ultimately, Einstein favors his own method for its clarity and adherence to natural symmetry, although he admits lingering uncertainty. Nevertheless he concludes: "I do not believe that these are reasonable equations," considering his logic. In short, he has greater trust in the first set of equations: "However, the problem remains, i.e. that the group alone does not give enough indications for the choice of field equations…"

Einstein also highlights the challenge of expanding the group of field equations without arbitrary decisions, further underscoring the complexities in developing a Unified Field Theory. This letter provides an invaluable glimpse into the intellectual struggle that occupied Einstein in the years following his groundbreaking success with General Relativity in 1915.

The postscript adds a personal note of concern for Lanczos, expressing hope that the political climate would not jeopardize his academic position, alluding to the tense post-WWII atmosphere. This letter serves as a significant historical artifact, linking two brilliant minds of 20th C. physics and shedding light on Einstein's quest for a Unified Field Theory as well his admiration for Freud. A must-have for collectors of scientific history, the letter demonstrates Einstein's relentless pursuit of a theory that would unify the forces of nature, a goal that continues to inspire physicists to this day.

This item comes with a Certificate from John Reznikoff, a premier authenticator for both major 3rd party authentication services, PSA and JSA (James Spence Authentications), as well as numerous auction houses.

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    Dimensions:
  • 8.5" x 11"
  • Artist Name:
  • Albert Einstein
  • Medium:
  • ALS

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